It's made by stomach cells
The dose is deliberately high compared to classical peptides (5-10 mg for GLP-1 analogues, 2-5 mg for short regeneratives) because documented GHK-Cu protocols use larger quantities in trichological and cutaneous research (1-3 mg per injection, concentrated topical applications)
For researchers just starting their retatrutide dose escalation at 1-2mg weekly, this margin of error can be significant
it can eliminate peroxides and plays a key role in the anti-peroxidant defense system
NAD is essential for: Mitochondrial energy production it serves as a coenzyme in the electron transport chain, driving ATP synthesis
The peptide's activation of ERK1/2 and downstream transcription factors including Egr-1 drives expression of collagen synthesis genes while its enhancement of cellular migration ensures efficient fibroblast recruitment to sites requiring matrix deposition, creating optimal conditions for rapid yet organized tissue reconstruction